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The fossilized teeth of ancient marsupial that stray through northeasterly Australia roughly 2.5 million years ago suggest these creature feed on leafy flora in a much more lush and tropical environment than was antecedently thought , according to a new study .
A chemical psychoanalysis of tooth enamel fromextinct marsupialsin Queensland , the secondly - largest state in Australia , give away clew about the dieting and habits of these ancient mammalian . The findings indicate that this realm of Australia , which today is made up mostly of arid grasslands , was once covered in tropical forest , said Shaena Montanari , a comparative biologist at the American Museum of Natural story in New York and lead author of the fresh field of study .
A kangaroo mother and her joey.
" It was believably a surface-active agent and moister environment , " Montanari told LiveScience . " Marsupials have been around in Australia for tens of million of year , but these fossil help us interpret how their diet deepen with the environment . " [ Marsupial Gallery : A Pouchful of Cute ]
Montanari and her colleague studied fossilised teeth from a variety of former pouched mammal , including two that are in the same genus as present - day kangaroo and wallabies . The fossils dated back to the early- to mid - Pliocene epoch , which extends from 2.5 million to 5 million years ago , but most of the fauna in the cogitation move extinct about 50,000 years ago , Montanari said .
" Some of them would have looked standardised to modernkangaroos , but were much magnanimous , " she explicate . " They in all probability looked like elephantine kangaroos with longsighted olfactory organ . One of the animals we looked at , called Euryzygoma , would have looked quite different from typical Australian megafauna . the great unwashed sometimes call it a elephantine wombat , but it was much large and look very different . "
All in the tooth
To sympathize the diets of these marsupials , the researchers exercise some of the enamel off the dentition , ground it into a powder and performed laboratory test to reckon for specific chemical signature .
As an animal grows and its teeth are being shape , chemical traces of what it eats and drunkenness become locked into the enamel , Montanari explained . For representative , scientists can try out ananimal ’s tooth enamelto determine characteristic of the water that was consumed while its teeth were grow .
" In herbivores , carbon signatures will supply selective information on what plant they were eating ; oxygen isotopes indicate what the H2O was like — was it an evaporated author of urine , or was it seawater ? " Montanari aver .
The enamel exam revealed that ancient marsupial in Queensland feasted on works and bush that are typically found in more temperate and tropic orbit . This indicates that environmental precondition and patterns of foliage were vastly different in this part of Australia during the Pliocene epoch , the researcher said .
The marsupial dental records show that these extinct mammalian lived in a more heavily forested environment , with less grassland usable for food , said Judd Case , doyen of the College of Science , Health and Engineering at Eastern Washington University in Cheney , Wash. , who was not involved with the new study .
" The issue of this composition have opened a newfangled windowpane into the yesteryear that can be used to evaluate the other Pliocene localities in Australia , where these same animals also occur , " Case told LiveScience . " Additionally , their sketch furnish us tool to render the environments and marsupial recess specialisation in these other localities as well . "
By studying the prehistoric diets of these animals , research worker can also gain a clearer pictorial matter of how ancient marsupials evolve in Australia , andwhat do their extinction .
" This is a chemic shaft to help us understand a muckle more about these interesting fossils and time periods , " Montanari said . " In paleontology , we incline to look a spate at morphology , but chemical field of study of fossils can recount us about diets and environments , which can avail us understand about extinction and evolution . "
The detailed findings of the new study were published online today ( June 12 ) in thejournal PLOS ONE .
